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Showing posts from July, 2018

How to setup 2FA On Linux SSH Login

  This is a simple setup guide to enabling Two Factor Authentication (2FA) on Linux SSH login. I this article I wont go deep into setup and issues that I have faced when implementing this. First thing is first Update your system first. I have used Ubuntu 20.04 and it is always up to date. To enable 2FA you need to install google authenticator modules sudo apt install libpam-google-authenticator Configuration for PAM and SSHD Add the the following line to /etc/pam.d/sshd and After adding this line please restart the sshd services.  auth required pam_google_authenticator.so Go to /etc/ssh/sshd_config and check if the following line exist. Default value will be "no" so change it to "yes" to activate.  ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes Configuration for Authenticator In the terminal run google authenticator command It will ask few things to acknowledge by user. Details you can see from the below video. Once this part is done you are ready to use the 2FA in ubuntu. T
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Converting/Calculating GPS cordinate ddmm.mmm format to decimal degrees

Here is a thing that i have faced few times when it comes to GPS data. Below is the GPGGA string from NMEA data receives from GPS. I have highlighted the latitude and longitude from the string. $GPGGA,081902.00, 0412.75469 ,N, 07332.48758 ,E,1,08,0.97,10.7,M,-93.5,M,,*41 Latitude =  0412.75469 Longitude =  07332.48758 If you want to plot this in google maps or any other platform you need to convert this data to decimal degrees, which will be easy to point the location rather than using raw data. In order to do that please follow these steps and write your own math function for this. For my purpose i am using my own function to handle the conversions. First lets start with latitude. Get rid of the zero first. rawdate = 4 12.75469   in this case 4 is the degrees which is in blue color and minutes in green Formula: degrees = 4 minutes = rawdate - (100*degrees) minutes =  412.75469 - (100*4) minutes = 12.75469 So to find out the decimal degree format of raw latitude valu
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GPS hooked up to Raspberry pi - P2

In previous post you have seen the data format which Pi receives from GPS. Its in bytes and here is some raw data. Note: In order to get GPS position data i have placed the unit out of my lab where it can see clear sky. b'$GPGGA,092543.00,,,,,0,00,99.99,,,,,,*6F\r\n' b'$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,99.99,99.99,99.99*30\r\n' b'$GPGSV,3,1,11,02,14,038,,05,37,025,22,12,69,190,,13,32,112,*74\r\n' b'$GPGSV,3,2,11,15,41,162,,19,09,112,,20,17,227,,21,10,283,*77\r\n' b'$GPGSV,3,3,11,24,21,189,,25,52,299,,29,19,339,18*4D\r\n' b'$GPGLL,,,,,092543.00,V,N*43\r\n' b'$GPRMC,092544.00,V,,,,,,,260718,,,N*79\r\n' b'$GPVTG,,,,,,,,,N*30\r\n' b'$GPGGA,092544.00,,,,,0,00,99.99,,,,,,*68\r\n' b'$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,99.99,99.99,99.99*30\r\n' b'$GPGSV,3,1,11,02,14,038,,05,37,025,22,12,69,190,,13,32,112,*74\r\n' b'$GPGSV,3,2,11,15,41,162,,19,09,112,,20,17,227,,21,10,283,*77\r\n' b'$GPGSV,3,3,11,24,21,
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GPS hooked up to Raspberry pi - P1

Its been a while that haven't publish anything. I have been using Raspberry Pi for long time since it was released and the old pi hangs around doing nothing. So i thought of  hooking up an GPS to raspberry pi so that viewers out there who has interest in electronics and programming will know how it can be done. Note: Raspberry Pi inputs or outputs supports 3.3v so the RX and TX pins also support 3.3v. So be careful about handling the voltages with the pi and devices interfacing. I have a ublox GPS but it supports 5v so i need to do level conversion. If you want to know about level conversion please checkout my YouTube channel or the old blog posts. First have to disable pi console in order to use the UART. If not it will get terminated. For more information Google for disabling console. import serial  gpsport = serial.Serial("/dev/ttyAMA0", baudrate=9600, timeout=0.2) while True:      rxgps = gpsport.readline()     if len(rxgps) > 10:        
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